Third-party Beneficiaries and Contractual Networks
نویسندگان
چکیده
An increasing trend of economic agents is to form productive associations such as networks, platforms, and other hybrids. Subsets of these agents contract with each other to further their network project and these contracts can create benefits for, or impose costs on, agentswho are not contract parties. Contract law regulates third party claims against contract parties with the third-party beneficiary doctrine, which directs courts to ask whether the contracting parties “intended” to benefit a particular third party. We show here what courts do with third party claims when network members fail to perform for third parties and what the law’s best responses to such breaches should be. Among our principal results are that courts honor third party claims when contract members likely can price themandwhen third parties incur substantial reliance losses, but protect thirdparty interests less frequently than they should and refuse reliefwhen contractmembers can identify the potential beneficiary class but not every agent who is likely to be in it.
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